caesarean in mare by marcenac incision under local anaesthesia

a nulliparous non-descript mare was presented with a complaint of dystocia. the mare was recumbent and physical examination revealed that the animal was in shock. there was no straining and foetal forelimbs were visible outside the vulva. the foetus was dead as there was no pedal reflex. vaginal examination revealed anterior presentation with dorso-sacral position and rigid lateral head deviation. pre-operatively, the mare was given 5 ml tetanus toxoid and 3 g ceftriaxone as intramuscular injection, and 5 ml dexamethasone in 15 l of 5% dextrose normal saline (dns) as intravenous (i/v) infusion. as pelvic space was inadequate and the mal posture was not correctable, manual correction or foetotomy could not be attempted and therefore caesarean section was planned. condition of the animal warranted the use of local anaesthetic infiltration instead of general anesthesia. post-operative care included intravenous fluids, anti-inflammatory/analgesics and daily antiseptic dressing. the owner reported uneventful recovery. the authors would like to conclude the case as a rare emergency caesarean in equine where the surgery was done with animal in lateral recumbency employing a marcenac incision under local anaesthesia.